The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle. The lithosphere is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another. A mid - ocean ridge is a boundary between plates where new lithospheric material is injected from below. As the plates diverge from a mid - ocean ridge they slide on a more yielding layer at the base of the lithosphere.
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