Synonym VS Antonym

The GRE includes 9 antonym questions in the Verbal section of the test.  Each question will include a word or phrase in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases.  You must choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in capital letters. 

Antonyms are probably the hardest type of question to improve on, as they depend on the inherent strength of your vocabulary.  Other than trying to memorize a dictionary (which we do NOT recommend),  there aren't many short-term ways to quickly learn hundreds or thousands of new words.  A large vocabulary is built over time, usually by voracious reading.

This does not mean that it is hopeless, however.  This site includes a list of the 180 most common words featured on the GRE.  We define each word and use it in context.  We also include a list of helpful prefixes, roots and suffixes.  We consider these lists valuable preparation for both the antonym and analogy test questions. Study them each day during the weeks just before taking the GRE and learn as many new words as possible. 

We suggest the following plan of attack for antonym questions:

• Define the stem word. If you don't know the precise definition of the word in capital letters, an approximate definition will probably be sufficient.  Most words are built or derived from other words with which you may be more familiar:

Examples: 

a)  tempestuous                   Related Words  temper

b)  perturbation                    Related Word:  perturbed

c)  severance                        Related Word:  sever

• Put the word in context.  When we speak, we use words in phrases in sentences, rather than in isolation.  Yet words that we understand fully in sentences may appear unfamiliar when we view them in isolation.  When you see a word on the GRE, put it in context to better understand its meaning.

Examples:

a)  savant              "idiot savant"                                         means genius

b)  gratuitous        "gratuitous violence"                           means unnecessary

c)  requiem           "requiem for a heavyweight"             means a rest

• Test the word for positive or negative connotations. 

a)  Any word that starts with "de-", "dis-" or "anti-" is usually negative.  This includes degradation, discrepancy, debase, antipathy

b)  Words that include the concept of going up are usually positive, while those that include the concept of going down are usually negative.

Positive examples:  elevate, ascend, adulation, illustrious

Negative examples:  decline, suborn, derision, consecrate

• Watch out for words that look similar, but have different meanings.

Examples:  ambulance/ambulatory,  suffer/suffrage,  friend/fiend,  platitude/gratitude,

                  inspired/insipid, vicious/viscous, noble/ignoble

• Don't overlook rare meanings of words, as they are commonly used on the GRE.  The parts of speech in an antonym problem will be consistent throughout the problem.  If the given word is a verb, all of the answer choices will also be verbs.  This helps you to quickly determine if the word is being used in a secondary sense, as common words have different meanings if they are used as verbs, nouns or adjectives.

Words that are commonly used as both nouns and verbs: 

curb                  document         table                 harbor

rent                   steep                flower               bolt

champion          air                     bustle

• Define its opposite and predict an answer. Whenever possible, you should have an idea of what you're looking for before you check the answer choices. Consciously predicting an answer will reduce the chances that you'll select a choice that's a synonym of the stem word, rather than an antonym.

• Find the answer choice that best matches your prediction. Check all the choices for the best fit. If necessary, consider alternative definitions for the stem word.

• Use guessing strategies, if necessary.

a)  Eliminate answer choices that have no clear opposite.

b)  If two (or more) choices have the same meaning, eliminate both.

c)  Use the "sense" of a word to eliminate probable wrong answers: if the stem is positive, the correct answer will be negative, and vice versa.

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Recount text

Teks Recount adalah teks yang menjelaskan atau melaporkan mengenai sebuah peristiwa atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dengan tujuan untuk menginformasikan atau menghibur.

Struktur teks recount, yaitu:

1. Orientation: Informasi pembuka yang dapat menjawab siapa, kapan, dan dimana.

2. Events: Urutan kejadian yang ditulis secara kronologis.

3. Reorientation: Penutup

Contoh teks recount:

My Adventure at Leang-Leang Cave

On Sunday, my parents, my best fruend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang . It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet, my best friend came to visit it with me!

The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings was turned into a national park, so it was taken care of. My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was embedded into a small mountain. 

Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells are called kjokkenmoddinger, or kitchen trash. The humans who lived here ate the shells and dumped the left overs in their 'kitchen'.  

The last place was a small museum where they have skeletons of the humans who lived in the caves. The skeletons along with some roughly made jewelry and weapons were placed inside glass cases for display. The walls of the museum were adorned with photographs taken when they did an excavation there.

After a quick lunch with Novi and my parents, we decided it was time to go back home. We really had the time of our lives!

Present Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous Tense

Tense yang satu ini berbicara tentang suatu peristiwa yang “Sedang Terjadi” juga sebagaimana Present Continuous Tense, tetapi bedanya dalam Future Continuous Tense maka “Sedang” nya itu bukan sekarang melainkan besok, akan datang, nanti.
Jadi, “sedang terjadi” itu tidak hanya bisa sekarang loh, bisa saja belum terjadi sekarang tetapi sedang terjadi besok. Fahami benar hal ini agar Future Continuous ini dapat Anda mengerti dengan tuntas dan dapat menggunakannya tanpa berpikir lagi nanti
Contohnya begini:
Anda telepon saya dan bilang mau ke rumah saya jam 9 besok. Wah saya nda bisa terima tamu tuh jam segitu, karena pas jam 9 itu saya akan sedang berenang. Jadwal saya renang itu 8:30 sampai 10:00. Jadi jam 9 besok itu sedang renang kan? kapan renangnya? besok!. Itulah arti “sedang tetapi akan” ini. Sekarang Anda faham 100 persen kan? Dalam hal ini kita gunakan Future Continuous Tense ya: “I will be swimming at 9 tomorrow, You may not meet me at home”.

Rumus Future Continuous Tense
Positif: S + will + be + Ving
Negatif: S + will not + be + Ving
Tanya: Will + S + be + Ving

Pegang kuat-kuat kunci pelajaran Bahasa Inggris ini ya:

Seperti saya ceriakan dalam setiap pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris yang mengandung kata “Continuous” maka selalu pakai kata kerja bentuk ING, Verb + Ing atau saya singkat “Ving” doang. Setiap kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu yang mengikuti WILL pasti bentuk-1. Mana bentuk kesatu disana? Di “be” nya itu loh.

Lihat ni urutan perubahan kata kerja bantu “to be”:
“be” atau to be (am, is, are) – was, were – been

Dan setiap ada to be, baik itu be itu sendiri atau am, is, are, was, were, been maka kata kerjanya pasti pakai ING.

Contoh Future Tense
-I will be swimming at 9 o’clok tomorrow
Selanjutnya kita persimple tanpa embel-embel waktu, agar mudah difahami, perhatikan pemakain rumusnya ya:
-You will be working …
-They will be driving home …
-She will be learning music …
Coba buat beberapa lagi contoh Anda sendiri untuk kalimat positif dalam bentuk Future Continuous Tense ini, ya bahasa Inggris dong, kalau bahasa Indonesia tak terasa tenses itu karena kata kerjanya tidak berubah.

Kalimat Negatif Future Continuous Tense

Mudah saja, tinggal tambah NOT setelah Will, seperti ini:
-You will not be working…
-They will not be driving home…
-She will not be learning music…
Loh katanya tadi Future Continuous Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang akan terjadi di masa datang, ini yang negatif kan berarti TIDAK akan sedang terjadi dong? Salah dong? Waduh.. pusing lah kalo protes begituan, ini kan bentuk negatifnya bo’ !

Kalimat Tanya Future Continuous Tense

Kalimat tanya dalam bentuk Future Continuous Tense juga gampang sekali, tinggal Will nya di depan. Kayak gini:
-Will You be working …?
-Will They be driving home …?
-Will She be learning music …?

Past tense

 PAST TENSE

 The Use of Simple Past Tense

We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.

The Adverbs of time  used

      

         The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc.

The Patterns of Simple Past  Tense

          The Positive Pattern

S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday

              S  +   2…………………………………………………..

               Examples :

1.      John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.

2.      We studied English  here last week.

3.      They played football in the field yesteryear  

              2.3.2. The Negative Pattern

S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday

              S   +   tidak +  1…………………………………kemarin

              Examples :

1.      John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday.

2.      We didn’t study here last week.

3.      They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear.

               The Interrogative Pattern

Did  + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday?

               Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin?

              Examples:

1.      Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t

2.      Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t

3.      Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didn’t

              The Question-word Pattern

QW + did  + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday?

            Qw + yang + S +  1…………………………………….?

           

             Examples:

1.      What  did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile

2.      When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday 

QW +  Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did

            QW  + 2……………………………..?

           

             Examples :

1.      Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did

2.      What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did

Recount text (indo)

Teks Recount adalah teks yang menjelaskan atau melaporkan mengenai sebuah peristiwa atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dengan tujuan untuk menginformasikan atau menghibur.
 

Struktur teks recount, yaitu:

1. Orientation: Informasi pembuka yang dapat menjawab siapa, kapan, dan dimana.

2. Events: Urutan kejadian yang ditulis secara kronologis.

3. Reorientation: Penutup

generic structure (struktur umum)

• Orientation: provides the setting and introduces participants
• Events: tell what happened, in what sequence.
•  Re-orientation: optional-closure of events

grammatical feature (ciri ciri grammar bahasanya)

• Focus on specific Participants (fokus pada pemeran/pelaku secara spesifik) tidak menyeluruh
• Use of material processes (menggunakan proses)
• Circumstances of time and place ( menjelaskan keadaan waktu dan tempat)
• Use of past tense  (menggunakan past tense) karena menceritakan ulang
•  Focus on temporal sequence (fokus pada peristiwa tertentu)

Contoh teks recount:

My Adventure at Leang-Leang Cave

On Sunday, my parents, my best fruend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang . It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet, my best friend came to visit it with me!

The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings was turned into a national park, so it was taken care of. My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells are called kjokkenmoddinger, or kitchen trash. The humans who lived here ate the shells and dumped the left overs in their 'kitchen'. The last place was a small museum where they have skeletons of the humans who lived in the caves. The skeletons along with some roughly made jewelry and weapons were placed inside glass cases for display. The walls of the museum were adorned with photographs taken when they did an excavation there.

After a quick lunch with Novi and my parents, we decided it was time to go back home. We really had the time of our lives!

PS/ NB: chek warna warna untuk mengetahui penjelasannya, simple kan...have fun

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Recount text (english)

Recounts tell the reader what happened. They retell a past event eg a visit to a farm. Recounts begin by telling the reader who was involved, what happened, where this event took place and when it happened. This is called the orientation.

The sequence of events is then described in some sort of order eg time.

There may be a reorientation at the end which summarises the event.

generic structure

• Orientation: provides the setting and introduces participants
• Events: tell what happened, in what sequence.
•  Re-orientation: optional-closure of events

grammatical feature:

• Focus on specific Participants
• Use of material processes
• Circumstances of time and place
• Use of past tense
•  Focus on temporal sequence

example:

On Children's Day in 1999, a technology company treated more than 200 underprivileged children to a 'high-tech' experience. They were given training on information technology.

The company wanted to provide opportunities for these children to learn more about the Internet and the latest technology. They wanted to help the less fortunate in the community.

The children had an enjoyable and educational experience that day. They were exposed to the new technology for the first time and they were very interested. The company hoped to conduct many more such training sessions for these children. They fell that the skills the children had would be useful to them when they grew up.

The company was very active in caring for the less fortunate. They even put aside one day a year for their employees to do volunteer work to help the needy. They also donated money to many charitable organizations.

Many people had benefited from their efforts. Many also praised the company for being so generous towards the needy.